从示范中学习(LFD)方法使最终用户能够通过演示所需的行为来教机器人新任务,从而使对机器人技术的访问民主化。但是,当前的LFD框架无法快速适应异质的人类示范,也无法在无处不在的机器人技术应用中进行大规模部署。在本文中,我们提出了一个新型的LFD框架,快速的终身自适应逆增强学习(FLAIR)。我们的方法(1)利用策略来构建政策混合物,以快速适应新的示范,从而快速最终用户个性化; (2)提炼跨示范的常识,实现准确的任务推断; (3)仅在终身部署中需要扩展其模型,并保持一套简洁的原型策略,这些策略可以通过政策混合物近似所有行为。我们从经验上验证了能力可以实现适应能力(即机器人适应异质性,特定用户特定的任务偏好),效率(即机器人实现样本适应性)和可伸缩性(即,模型都会与示范范围增长,同时保持高性能)。 Flair超过了三个连续控制任务的基准测试,其政策收益的平均提高了57%,使用策略混合物进行示范建模所需的次数少78%。最后,我们在现实机器人乒乓球任务中展示了Flair的成功。
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The task of video prediction and generation is known to be notoriously difficult, with the research in this area largely limited to short-term predictions. Though plagued with noise and stochasticity, videos consist of features that are organised in a spatiotemporal hierarchy, different features possessing different temporal dynamics. In this paper, we introduce Dynamic Latent Hierarchy (DLH) -- a deep hierarchical latent model that represents videos as a hierarchy of latent states that evolve over separate and fluid timescales. Each latent state is a mixture distribution with two components, representing the immediate past and the predicted future, causing the model to learn transitions only between sufficiently dissimilar states, while clustering temporally persistent states closer together. Using this unique property, DLH naturally discovers the spatiotemporal structure of a dataset and learns disentangled representations across its hierarchy. We hypothesise that this simplifies the task of modeling temporal dynamics of a video, improves the learning of long-term dependencies, and reduces error accumulation. As evidence, we demonstrate that DLH outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks in video prediction, is able to better represent stochasticity, as well as to dynamically adjust its hierarchical and temporal structure. Our paper shows, among other things, how progress in representation learning can translate into progress in prediction tasks.
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Compact and accurate representations of 3D shapes are central to many perception and robotics tasks. State-of-the-art learning-based methods can reconstruct single objects but scale poorly to large datasets. We present a novel recursive implicit representation to efficiently and accurately encode large datasets of complex 3D shapes by recursively traversing an implicit octree in latent space. Our implicit Recursive Octree Auto-Decoder (ROAD) learns a hierarchically structured latent space enabling state-of-the-art reconstruction results at a compression ratio above 99%. We also propose an efficient curriculum learning scheme that naturally exploits the coarse-to-fine properties of the underlying octree spatial representation. We explore the scaling law relating latent space dimension, dataset size, and reconstruction accuracy, showing that increasing the latent space dimension is enough to scale to large shape datasets. Finally, we show that our learned latent space encodes a coarse-to-fine hierarchical structure yielding reusable latents across different levels of details, and we provide qualitative evidence of generalization to novel shapes outside the training set.
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In this note, we introduce a family of "power sum" kernels and the corresponding Gaussian processes on symmetric groups $\mathrm{S}_n$. Such processes are bi-invariant: the action of $\mathrm{S}_n$ on itself from both sides does not change their finite-dimensional distributions. We show that the values of power sum kernels can be efficiently calculated, and we also propose a method enabling approximate sampling of the corresponding Gaussian processes with polynomial computational complexity. By doing this we provide the tools that are required to use the introduced family of kernels and the respective processes for statistical modeling and machine learning.
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We propose a principled way to define Gaussian process priors on various sets of unweighted graphs: directed or undirected, with or without loops. We endow each of these sets with a geometric structure, inducing the notions of closeness and symmetries, by turning them into a vertex set of an appropriate metagraph. Building on this, we describe the class of priors that respect this structure and are analogous to the Euclidean isotropic processes, like squared exponential or Mat\'ern. We propose an efficient computational technique for the ostensibly intractable problem of evaluating these priors' kernels, making such Gaussian processes usable within the usual toolboxes and downstream applications. We go further to consider sets of equivalence classes of unweighted graphs and define the appropriate versions of priors thereon. We prove a hardness result, showing that in this case, exact kernel computation cannot be performed efficiently. However, we propose a simple Monte Carlo approximation for handling moderately sized cases. Inspired by applications in chemistry, we illustrate the proposed techniques on a real molecular property prediction task in the small data regime.
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单模光纤(SMF)已成为现代通信系统的骨干。但是,他们的吞吐量有望在不久的将来达到其理论限制。多模纤维(MMF)的利用被认为是纠正此容量紧缩的最有前途的解决方案之一。然而,描述MMF中的光传播的微分方程比SMF的差异更复杂,这使得基于MMF的系统的数值建模在计算上是对现实场景的大部分要求是必需的且不切实际的。已知物理知识的神经网络(PINN)在各个领域都超过常规数值方法,并已成功应用于非线性Schr \“ Odinger方程(NLSE),描述了SMF中的光传播。 nlse(mmnlse)仍然缺乏。据我们所知,本文是第一个为mmnlse部署Pinn范式的文章,并证明通过类比与NLSE的Pinns实现了直接的实现。我们无法确定所有内容。我们确定所有内容。阻碍Pinn收敛的问题,并引入了零级分散系数的新颖缩放转换,使Pinn捕获了所有相关的物理效果。我们的模拟揭示了与拆分型傅立叶(SSF)方法的良好一致性,并扩展了可实现的可实现的传播长度一百米。所有主要限制也被突出显示。
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高斯过程可以说是空间统计中最重要的模型类别。他们编码有关建模功能的先前信息,可用于精确或近似贝叶斯推断。在许多应用中,尤其是在物理科学和工程中,以及在诸如地统计和神经科学等领域,对对称性的不变性是人们可以考虑的先前信息的最基本形式之一。高斯工艺与这种对称性的协方差的不变性导致了对此类空间平稳性概念的最自然概括。在这项工作中,我们开发了建设性和实用的技术,用于在在对称的背景下产生的一大批非欧基人空间上构建固定的高斯工艺。我们的技术使(i)以实用的方式计算(i)计算在此类空间上定义的先验和后高斯过程中的协方差内核和(ii)。这项工作分为两部分,每个部分涉及不同的技术考虑:第一部分研究紧凑的空间,而第二部分研究的非紧密空间具有某些结构。我们的贡献使我们研究的非欧亚人高斯流程模型与标准高斯流程软件包中可用的良好计算技术兼容,从而使从业者可以访问它们。
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我们的方法从单个RGB-D观察中研究了以对象为中心的3D理解的复杂任务。由于这是一个不适的问题,因此现有的方法在3D形状和6D姿势和尺寸估计中都遭受了遮挡的复杂多对象方案的尺寸估计。我们提出了Shapo,这是一种联合多对象检测的方法,3D纹理重建,6D对象姿势和尺寸估计。 Shapo的关键是一条单杆管道,可回归形状,外观和构成潜在的代码以及每个对象实例的口罩,然后以稀疏到密集的方式进一步完善。首先学到了一种新颖的剖面形状和前景数据库,以将对象嵌入各自的形状和外观空间中。我们还提出了一个基于OCTREE的新颖的可区分优化步骤,使我们能够以分析的方式进一步改善对象形状,姿势和外观。我们新颖的联合隐式纹理对象表示使我们能够准确地识别和重建新颖的看不见的对象,而无需访问其3D网格。通过广泛的实验,我们表明我们的方法在模拟的室内场景上进行了训练,可以准确地回归现实世界中新颖物体的形状,外观和姿势,并以最小的微调。我们的方法显着超过了NOCS数据集上的所有基准,对于6D姿势估计,MAP的绝对改进为8%。项目页面:https://zubair-irshad.github.io/projects/shapo.html
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人类的感知可靠地识别3D场景的可移动和不可移动的部分,并通过不完整的观测来完成对象和背景的3D结构。我们不是通过标记的示例来学习此技能,而只是通过观察对象移动来学习。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种方法,该方法在训练时间观察未标记的多视图视频,并学会绘制对复杂场景的单个图像观察,例如带有汽车的街道,将其绘制为3D神经场景表示,该表演将其分解为可移动和可移动和不可移动的零件,同时合理地完成其3D结构。我们通过2D神经地面计划分别参数可移动和不可移动的场景部分。这些地面计划是与接地平面对齐的2D网格,可以将其局部解码为3D神经辐射场。我们的模型通过神经渲染受过训练的自我监督。我们证明,使用简单的启发式方法,例如提取对象以对象的3D表示,新颖的视图合成,实例段和3D边界框预测,预测,预测,诸如提取以对象为中心的3D表示,诸如提取街道规模的3D场景中的各种下游任务可以实现各种下游任务。强调其作为数据效率3D场景理解模型的骨干的价值。这种分离进一步通过对象操纵(例如删除,插入和刚体运动)进行了现场编辑。
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在这项工作中,我们将神经头部的头像技术推向百万像素分辨率,同时着重于跨驾驶合成的特别挑战性的任务,即,当驾驶图像的外观与动画源图像大不相同时。我们提出了一组新的神经体系结构和训练方法,这些方法可以利用中分辨率的视频数据和高分辨率图像数据,以达到所需的渲染图像质量和对新视图和运动的概括。我们证明,建议的架构和方法产生令人信服的高分辨率神经化身,在跨驾驶场景中表现优于竞争对手。最后,我们展示了如何将受过训练的高分辨率神经化身模型蒸馏成一个轻量级的学生模型,该模型是实时运行的,并将神经化身的身份锁定到数十个预定的源图像。实时操作和身份锁对于许多实际应用头像系统至关重要。
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